The transducer can see a fish, because it senses the air bladder. Almost every fish has an organ called an air bladder filled with gas that allows the fish to easily adjust to the water pressure at different depths. The amount of gas in the air bladder can be increased or decreased to regulate the buoyancy of the fish. Because the air bladder contains gas, it is a drastically different density than the flesh and bone of the fish as well as the water that surrounds it.
This difference in density causes the sound waves from the echosounder to bounce off the fish distinctively. The transducer receives the echoes and the echosounder is able to recognize these differences. The echosounder then displays it as a fish.
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